725 research outputs found
Historical shoreline changes and wave refraction analysis, Smith Island, Chesapeake Bay : final report
The objective of this study was to develop wave and sediment transport estimates (based on wave refraction analysis and historical shoreline change analysis) for the western shoreline of the Chesapeake Bay Smith Island area
Lâaffirmation dâune opposition française au « Lyon-Turin » : un conflit entre liminaritĂ© et intermĂ©diaritĂ©
Les enquĂȘtes dâutilitĂ© publique autour du projet ferroviaire Lyon-Turin ont Ă©tĂ© des moments dâapparition et de dĂ©veloppement dâune contestation composite au projet en France, notamment en 2012. Divers collectifs associatifs sont apparus Ă cette occasion et une personnalitĂ© a Ă©mergĂ©, Daniel Ibanez, donnant un visage et une cohĂ©rence Ă une contestation devenant opposition. La posture argumentative des annĂ©es 2012-2013 fait progressivement place Ă une posture dĂ©nonciatrice Ă partir de 2014, basculement qui constitue une forme de liminaritĂ© dans la modalitĂ© dâexpression du conflit. Les fondements de cette contestation en France demeurent distincts de ceux dans le Val de Suse, territoire dâopposition historique au projet. Le principe dâutilitĂ© est premier en France lorsque, historiquement, le principe de responsabilitĂ© est le ferment en Italie. Cet article entend interroger les trajectoires actorielles de lâopposition française Ă ce projet Ă travers une analyse des discours et des ancrages politiques des protagonistes. Lâaxe comparatif proposĂ© vise Ă interroger les spatialitĂ©s des mouvements contestataires en France et dans le Val de Suse. Cet article entend ainsi contribuer Ă une rĂ©flexion sur la distinction entre « local » et « proximité » au travers dâune Ă©tude de la relation des mouvements contestataires Ă lâentitĂ© « montagne » dans le processus de construction sociale dâun argumentaire.Public interest enquiries conducted in relation to the proposed Lyon-Turin rail link have revealed the development of a composite protest to the project in France, particularly in 2012. Different associations have emerged, along with a personality, Daniel Ibanez, which have provided this protest movement with both a face and greater coherence in its opposition to the project. A somewhat argumentative stance in 2012-2013 has progressively given way to one that has more clearly denounced the project since 2014, a change indicating a form of liminality in the expression of conflict. The foundations of this opposition in France remain distinct from those in the Susa Valley, the historic area of opposition to the project in Italy. The principle of usefulness is foremost in France while, historically, the principle of responsibility has been the driving force in Italy. This article examines the paths of the different players making up French opposition to the project by analyzing the discourse and political underpinnings of the protagonists. The studyâs comparative approach seeks to gain insights into the spatialities of the opposition movements in France and the Susa Valley. The article thus hopes to contribute to a more meaningful reflection on the distinction between âlocalnessâ and âproximityâ by studying the relationship between protest movements and âmountain areasâ as an entity in the process of the social construction of a line of argument
Les Nouvelles TraversĂ©es Alpines : la âcitĂ©-Europeâ Ă lâĂ©preuve de lâacceptabilitĂ© alpine ?
La pensĂ©e des traversĂ©es alpines est indissociable de celle des rĂ©seaux urbains alpins et, au-delĂ , europĂ©ens. La nouvelle phase de percĂ©e des tunnels de base le rĂ©affirme : les âNouvelles TraversĂ©es Alpinesâ se retrouvent au coeur de lâenjeu de connexion des rĂ©seaux ferroviaires europĂ©ens Ă grande vitesse. Lâinvention de la âcitĂ©-Europeâ passe ainsi par la rĂ©invention dâun pacte alpin autour du dessein de franchissement entre les villes de piedmonts et les communautĂ©s montagnardes traversĂ©es. Ces derniĂšres ont, en effet, la capacitĂ© de bloquer un projet par leur refus. Lâexemple du projet Lyon-Turin lâillustre, en contre-point de la rĂ©ussite du tunnel de base du Lötschberg. La rĂ©ussite suisse semble tenir Ă la capacitĂ© de conjuguer les inventions technique et sociale du tunnel, ne niant pas la dimension territoriale de cet objet rĂ©ticulaire.It is impossible to think about the alpine crossings without thinking about the alpine and European urban nets. The construction of the basis tunnels recalls it: the âNew Alpine Crossingsâ are the kernel of the connection issue between the European high-speed railways nets. The invention of a âcity-Europeâ needs a reinvented pact, between the cities of the plains and the alpine communities, based on the reaffirmation of a common crossing destiny. The alpine communities can thwart the project by refusing it, as the example of the Lyon-Turin project shows, in contrast to the successful Lötschberg basis tunnel. The Swiss success seems to come from the capacity to mix technical and social inventions, replacing the territorial dimension in the reticular fundament
Faire-corridor : le corridor comme agencement politico-réticulaire
La notion de corridor peut ĂȘtre entendue comme un objet ou un concept. Cet article propose de centrer la rĂ©flexion, Ă partir dâune entrĂ©e actorielle, sur les intentionnalitĂ©s organisationnelles et organisatrices qui conduisent Ă apprĂ©hender la notion de corridor comme un agencement politico-rĂ©ticulaire. Il nây a effectivement pas de corridor en soi, ce qui invite Ă questionner le « faire-corridor ». Lâanalyse du systĂšme ferroviaire suisse de franchissement alpin permet de revenir sur les fondements politiques qui donnent Ă voir une pensĂ©e du corridor fondĂ©e sur la redondance et la rĂ©partition, et non la concentration. La dialectique rĂ©ticularisation du systĂšme/axialisation des services nâest quâen apparence paradoxale. Les dynamiques de lâorganisation axiale des services de transport combinĂ© rĂ©vĂšlent la façon dont les opĂ©rateurs ferroviaires, dans un contexte de libĂ©ralisation, sâapproprient les fonctionnalitĂ©s dâun systĂšme fondĂ© sur la connectivitĂ©. Faire-corridor, dans le cas Ă©tudiĂ©, est ainsi une autre façon de faire rĂ©seau, Ă partir dâune dialectique rĂ©ticularitĂ©/nodalitĂ©.Corridors are considered as well as objects or concept. This paper proposes to think about it from an actors-based approach by dealing with organizational motivations. There are no evident corridors. âCorridorâ is a political and reticular layout characterized by a high degree of connectivity of a system. Thinking about corridors needs analyses which are focalized on corridor-making process in order to evaluate the role of actors. Based on analyses of the Swiss railway Alpine crossing system, this paper aims to show how a âcorridorâ can be characterized by the connectivity and not by a concentration process. Dialectic between reticularization of the system and axialization of the services is not paradoxical as operators are making theirs properties of the system in a context of liberalization. Corridor-making is another way of network-making from a dialectic between reticularity and nodality
CrossBeam: Learning to Search in Bottom-Up Program Synthesis
Many approaches to program synthesis perform a search within an enormous
space of programs to find one that satisfies a given specification. Prior works
have used neural models to guide combinatorial search algorithms, but such
approaches still explore a huge portion of the search space and quickly become
intractable as the size of the desired program increases. To tame the search
space blowup, we propose training a neural model to learn a hands-on search
policy for bottom-up synthesis, instead of relying on a combinatorial search
algorithm. Our approach, called CrossBeam, uses the neural model to choose how
to combine previously-explored programs into new programs, taking into account
the search history and partial program executions. Motivated by work in
structured prediction on learning to search, CrossBeam is trained on-policy
using data extracted from its own bottom-up searches on training tasks. We
evaluate CrossBeam in two very different domains, string manipulation and logic
programming. We observe that CrossBeam learns to search efficiently, exploring
much smaller portions of the program space compared to the state-of-the-art.Comment: Published at ICLR 202
Perceptions in (Outdoor) Education: Using Openness and Vulnerability as Learning Tools
In this presentation Kevin discusses the âmasksâ that we all wear and how outdoor education can be a tool to help empower people to take control of the masks they wear each day. Examples of masks include proficiency, extraversion and stubbornness
Aménagement des petites villes et imprégnation locale des grands projets ferroviaires en France
Les chantiers ferroviaires intermĂ©tropolitains interrogent les territoires organisĂ©s autour des petites villes notamment car la grande vitesse est gĂ©nĂ©ralement associĂ©e au renforcement des effets dâagglomĂ©ration. Pour autant, celle-ci ne supprime pas le rĂŽle dâintermĂ©diation des villes de rang infĂ©rieur. Ces chantiers posent, comme par effet de miroir, la question du devenir de leur modĂšle de centralitĂ© dans un contexte de promotion de la connectivitĂ© territoriale. Loin dâuniquement accentuer les effets de captation mĂ©tropolitaine, la mise en place dâun rĂ©seau ferroviaire modernisĂ© peut incarner pour de nombreuses villes petites et moyennes une opportunitĂ© majeure dans lâĂ©laboration de leur projet de territoire, notamment dans un contexte de reconversion urbaine et industrielle. Lâarticle ambitionne de mettre en regard deux processus dâappropriation locale et de contractualisation de projets de modernisation ferroviaire : le contrat de territoire des pays de Maurienne autour du projet et du chantier du tunnel Euralpin Lyon-Turin et de la DĂ©marche grand chantier dâune part, et le projet Bretagne Ă Grande vitesse (BGV) autour de lâouverture de la LGV Ouest-Bretagne d'autre part.Intermetropolitan railway yards question the territories around small towns and cities since high speed is usually associated with enhanced agglomeration effects, even if the role of intermediaries of lower-ranking cities should not be underestimated. These projects raise the issue, as a mirror effect, of the future of their centrality model in a context of promotion of territorial connectivity. The establishment of a modernized railway network may represent for many small and medium sized cities a major opportunity in the development of their territorial project, especially in a context of urban and industrial reconversion. This article aims to compare two processes of local appropriation and contractualization of railway modernization projects: the territory contract âPays de Maurienneâ around the construction of the Euralpin Lyon-Turin tunnel and the âDĂ©marche grand chantierâ on the one hand, and the Brittany High Speed ââProject (BGV) around the opening of the LGV Ouest-Bretagne on the other
LambdaBeam: Neural Program Search with Higher-Order Functions and Lambdas
Search is an important technique in program synthesis that allows for
adaptive strategies such as focusing on particular search directions based on
execution results. Several prior works have demonstrated that neural models are
effective at guiding program synthesis searches. However, a common drawback of
those approaches is the inability to handle iterative loops, higher-order
functions, or lambda functions, thus limiting prior neural searches from
synthesizing longer and more general programs. We address this gap by designing
a search algorithm called LambdaBeam that can construct arbitrary lambda
functions that compose operations within a given DSL. We create semantic vector
representations of the execution behavior of the lambda functions and train a
neural policy network to choose which lambdas to construct during search, and
pass them as arguments to higher-order functions to perform looping
computations. Our experiments show that LambdaBeam outperforms neural,
symbolic, and LLM-based techniques in an integer list manipulation domain
V XANES in spinels as an oxy-barometer in meteorites with implications for redox variations in the inner solar system
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